Phosphotungstic Acid Hydrate (PTA·H₂O) Phosphotungstic acid hydrate (PTA·H₂O) is a heteropoly acid composed of phosphorus, tungsten, oxygen, and water molecules. Due to its strong acidity and oxidative properties, it is highly effective in chemical analysis, catalysis, and biological staining. Moreover, its proton-donating abilities mak
Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble essential nutrient widely used in pharmaceutical, nutritional, and biochemical applications. It plays a vital role in metabolizing carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, supporting energy production and cellular function. Furthermore, as a precursor of nicot
Pyridinium p-Toluenesulfonate (PPTS) Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) is a mild, non-volatile, and thermally stable organic acid catalyst commonly used in organic synthesis. As a crystalline solid, it offers excellent solubility in various organic solvents, making it a valuable alternative to mineral acids. PPTS serves as a proton source
Boron Trichloride Solution Boron Trichloride Solution(BCl₃) is a highly reactive Lewis acid widely used in chemical synthesis, semiconductor manufacturing, and organic catalysis. It exists as a colorless, toxic gas at room temperature but is often stored and transported as a liquefied gas or in solution. Known for its strong electrophilic
Salicylic Acid Salicylic acid (C₇H₆O₃) is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) with keratolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial applications due to its exfoliating and acne-fighting capabilities. Naturally found in willow bark and wintergreen leaves,